Overview

Sikhism, founded in the 15th century in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent, is a monotheistic religion centered on the belief in One God.

The core principles of Sikhism include equality, truthful living, community service, and devotion to God.

It is a faith that emphasizes the unity of humankind.

History of Sikhism

Guru Nanak Dev Ji

Sikhism traces its roots to Guru Nanak Dev Ji, the first of the ten Sikh Gurus. His teachings focused on the oneness of God, equality among all people regardless of caste or creed, and living an honest life devoted to spirituality.

Succession of Gurus

Following Guru Nanak, nine Gurus shaped Sikh philosophy and practice, each contributing uniquely to Sikh principles and community development. Their teachings and writings are compiled in the Guru Granth Sahib, the holy scripture of Sikhism.

Formation of the Khalsa

Guru Gobind Singh Ji, the tenth Guru, established the Khalsa, a community of initiated Sikhs dedicated to upholding Sikh values of bravery, selflessness, and devotion. The Panj Pyare (Five Beloved Ones) played a significant role in initiating this community.

The Ten Sikh Gurus: Guiding Lights of Sikhism

The ten Sikh Gurus, revered figures in Sikh history, played integral roles in shaping Sikhism’s ethos and principles. Each Guru contributed distinctively to Sikh philosophy, spirituality, and community development, leaving a lasting impact on followers worldwide.

1. Guru Nanak Dev Ji (1469-1539)

  • Founder of Sikhism and the first of the ten Gurus.
  • Emphasized the oneness of God and the equality of all humanity.
  • Traveled extensively, spreading the message of love, compassion, and devotion to the divine.

2. Guru Angad Dev Ji (1504-1552)

  • Composed the Gurmukhi script, which became the written language for Sikh scripture.
  • Emphasized the importance of physical fitness and introduced the practice of langar (community kitchen).

3. Guru Amar Das Ji (1479-1574)

  • Formalized the institution of langar and established 22 Manjis (religious seats) to spread Sikhism.
  • Promoted equality by discouraging the practice of Sati and Purdah.

4. Guru Ram Das Ji (1534-1581)

  • Founded the city of Amritsar and initiated the construction of the Harmandir Sahib (Golden Temple).
  • Introduced the Anand Karaj ceremony for Sikh marriages.

5. Guru Arjan Dev Ji (1563-1606)

  • Compiled the Adi Granth, now known as Guru Granth Sahib, and completed the construction of the Harmandir Sahib.
  • Became the first Sikh Guru to be martyred, emphasizing principles of martyrdom for truth and justice.

6. Guru Har Gobind Ji (1595-1644)

  • Instituted the concept of Miri-Piri, emphasizing both spiritual and martial pursuits.
  • Built the Akal Takht (Throne of the Timeless) as a symbol of political sovereignty.

7. Guru Har Rai Ji (1630-1661)

  • Focused on promoting education, healthcare, and the environment.
  • Stressed the importance of non-violence and compassion towards all living beings.

8. Guru Har Krishan Ji (1656-1664)

  • Became Guru at a young age and displayed spiritual wisdom and healing abilities.
  • Offered selfless service to people during the smallpox epidemic.

9. Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji (1621-1675)

  • Sacrificed his life to protect the religious freedom of Hindus and Sikhs from persecution by Mughal rulers.
  • Emphasized the importance of standing up for the rights of all people, irrespective of their faith.

10. Guru Gobind Singh Ji (1666-1708)

  • Established the Khalsa Panth, the order of initiated Sikhs, and the Five Ks.
  • Stood against tyranny and oppression, promoting the ideals of justice, equality, and valor.

Sikh Scriptures and Practices

GURU GRANTH SAHIB

The Guru Granth Sahib, revered as the eternal Guru, contains hymns and teachings not only of Sikh Gurus but also of saints and scholars from diverse backgrounds. It serves as a guiding light for Sikhs worldwide.

FIVE Ks (KAKKAR)

Initiated Sikhs adorn the Five Ks: Kesh (uncut hair), Kangha (comb), Kara (steel bracelet), Kirpan (religious sword), and Kachera (cotton undergarment). These articles of faith symbolize Sikh identity and remind adherents of their commitment to Sikh values.

SIKH PRACTICES

Sikh practices include daily prayers called Nitnem, meditation, selfless service, and participation in Langar, a free community kitchen open to all regardless of background, emphasizing equality and sharing.

Sikh Symbols and Culture​

SIKH SYMBOLS

Symbols like the Khanda, representing the core Sikh beliefs, and Ik Onkar, signifying the oneness of God, hold deep spiritual significance in Sikhism.

FESTIVALS

Vaisakhi, commemorating the formation of the Khalsa, and Gurpurabs (birthdays of Gurus) are celebrated with fervor. These occasions involve prayers, community gatherings, and sharing meals.

CULTURAL ASPECTS

Sikh art, music (Kirtan), and the concept of sewa (selfless service) are integral parts of Sikh culture, fostering a sense of community and spirituality.